Amazon, in Threat to UPS, Tries Its Own Deliveries

April 24 -- The future of Amazon.com Inc. is hiding in plain sight in a San Francisco parking lot.

Adjacent to recently closed Candlestick Park, Amazon is testing its own delivery network for the "last mile," the final leg of a package's journey to consumers' doorsteps. Trucks loaded with Amazon packages and driven by Amazon-supervised contractors leave for addresses around San Francisco. Similar efforts are under way in Los Angeles and New York.

Delivering its own packages will give Amazon, stung by Christmas shipping delays, more control over the shopping experience. It can also help contain shipping expenses, which have grown as a percentage of sales each year since 2009, according to securities filings.

On Thursday, Amazon reported another quarter of skimpy profit even as sales increased 23% to $19.74 billion. Shipping costs rose 31%, and it also spent on cloud computing and new initiatives. The company reported a first-quarter profit of $108 million, compared with $82 million a year earlier.

The new delivery efforts will get Amazon closer to a holy grail of e-commerce: Delivering goods the same day they are purchased, offering shoppers one less reason to go to physical stores. With its own trucks, Amazon could offer deliveries late at night, or at more specific times.

The move is a shot across the bow of United Parcel Service Inc., FedEx Corp. and the U.S. Postal Service, which now deliver the majority of Amazon packages. It is also a challenge to Wal-Mart Stores Inc., eBay Inc. and Google Inc., each of which is testing deliveries.

Ultimately, a delivery network could transform Amazon from an online retailer into a full-service logistics company that delivers packages for others, according to former Amazon executives. They caution that any such effort likely is years away.

Delivery is a big step in Amazon's ambitions. The largest U.S. Internet retailer has branched into original video programming, set-top boxes for streaming video, and soon, smartphones, among other things.

It is unclear that Amazon will achieve its goals. UPS, founded in 1907, has a head start of more than a century. Industry observers say it will be difficult for Amazon to match the efficiency of UPS or FedEx in more than a handful of U.S. markets, simply because it will be delivering fewer packages over a wider area.

Amazon quietly began rolling out the delivery network in the U.S. late last year, in packages labeled "AMZL" and "AMZN_US." Customer-service representatives and former employees say those codes designate Amazon's in-house delivery network. Customers who have received the packages said they appear to use a different tracking process, with no links to an outside shipper.

Next up for Amazon is Treasure Island, a man-made spit of land in San Francisco Bay. Amazon is reviewing a lease for a site on the island to house trailers and delivery trucks, according to a person familiar with the matter. From there, Amazon would dispatch trucks into San Francisco, likely late at night and early in the morning when traffic is lighter and fewer island residents would be disturbed, this person said.

Amazon offered a peek at the delivery network in a recent job posting on its website. "Amazon is growing at a faster speed than UPS and FedEx, who are responsible for shipping the majority of our packages," the posting reads. "At this rate Amazon cannot continue to rely solely on the solutions provided through traditional logistics providers. To do so will limit our growth, increase costs and impede innovation in delivery capabilities." "Last Mile is the solution to this. It is a program which is going to revolutionize how shipments are delivered to millions of customers."

As a prelude to the U.S. moves, Amazon has been testing a delivery network in the U.K. "We've created our own fast, last-mile delivery networks in the U.K., where commercial carriers couldn't support our peak volumes," Chief Executive Jeff Bezos said in his annual letter to shareholders earlier this month. "There is more invention to come."

Typically using small couriers, Amazon delivers packages under the "Amazon Logistics" moniker and recently acquired an option to invest in Yodel, a U.K.-based parcel-delivery service. Dave Clark, Amazon's vice president for world-wide operations, said in November that Amazon would use its own trucks to make Sunday deliveries in London.

At San Francisco's Candlestick Park, formerly home to the NFL's 49ers, Ryder trucks are scattered around the parking lot, amid rows of bright green AmazonFresh trucks for Amazon's same-day grocery-delivery service. Trailers arrive each morning, and their contents are transferred to vans or trucks for deliveries in and around San Francisco, said one person familiar with the operation.

The precise logistics between Amazon's "last mile" hubs couldn't be learned. Even if Amazon takes over home deliveries, it will be difficult for the company to cut the major shipping carriers out of the process entirely. Amazon still relies on them to move goods around elsewhere in its supply chain.

Planning for the delivery network began several years ago, but the project took on added urgency last winter after UPS and FedEx failed to deliver Amazon packages to some customers by Christmas, according to two people familiar with the matter. Amazon blamed the carriers, but offered $20 credits to many affected customers.

"What happened during Christmas cost a huge amount of money" for Amazon, UPS and FedEx, said Marc Wulfraat, president of logistics consulting firm MWPVL International, which tracks Amazon closely but isn't working with the retailer.

If Amazon expands its delivery network, it would likely rely initially on cheaper, more flexible regional carriers—such as the East Coast's LaserShip Inc. and the West Coast's OnTrac— as well as the Postal Service for deliveries, according to supply-chain experts and logistics consultants. That would affect package volumes at UPS and FedEx, potentially hurting their efficiency. LaserShip and OnTrac declined to comment.

Sanford C. Bernstein and Co. analysts estimate that Amazon shipped about 608 million U.S. packages in 2013. The Postal Service handled 35%, UPS 30%, regional shippers 18% and FedEx about 17%. The distribution hasn't changed much in recent years.

UPS and FedEx ground rates on average have increased 3% to 5% annually in the past five years, an incentive for Amazon to develop its own delivery service, industry observers say. Amazon cited rising shipping costs in boosting the price of its Prime unlimited two-day shipping membership in the U.S. by $20, or 25%, earlier this year.

Amazon typically pays between about $2 and $8 to ship each package, according to shipping-industry analysts, with the cheapest option through the Postal Service and the most expensive via UPS or FedEx.

Amazon shipments should account for less than 1% of revenue for both FedEx and UPS, said Jack Atkins, an airfreight and logistics analyst at Stephens Inc. That suggests Amazon's delivery network would have a limited effect on the shippers' profits, at least initially.

FedEx Chief Executive Fred Smith in December said that Amazon "can unquestionably do local deliveries should they choose to do so." But he said the vast majority of packages would continue to be moved by FedEx, UPS and the Postal Service. A FedEx spokesman declined to comment further.

A UPS spokesman declined to comment.

Amazon's in-house delivery efforts have experienced hiccups. Online forums in the U.K. are rife with customers reporting missed, late or inaccurate deliveries. Several packages shipped to The Wall Street Journal's San Francisco office assigned to "Amazon Logistics" arrived several days after their guaranteed delivery dates. Customer-service representatives said that because the division is new, it is more difficult to track packages.

David Steigman, a customer in San Francisco, said two recent orders of DVDs like "The Hobbit" with tracking information for "AMZN_US" repeatedly missed Amazon's own delivery deadlines. "After the first time, I asked them not to ship me anything using that service, but they did it again anyway" said Mr. Steigman. "I don't want to be Amazon's test market for their new shipping idea—that's not what I am paying for."

www.online.wsj.com/news          Greg Bensinger, Laura Stevens

Amazon to Begin Sunday Deliveries, with Post Office's Help

November 11 -- Amazon.com Inc. will begin delivering packages on Sundays in the nation's two largest cities later this month with an unlikely partner—the U.S. Postal Service.

The marriage of one of the country's most successful enterprises with one of its most troubled underscores Chief Executive Jeff Bezos's ambitions to weave Amazon more deeply into consumers' lives. The nation's largest Internet retailer has begun same-day grocery delivery in some cities, and is developing smartphones and a set-top box.

Sunday delivery is Amazon's latest effort to chip away at a key advantage for brick-and-mortar retailers: immediacy.

"Delivery on a Sunday would be very compelling for consumers. There are certainly people who decide not to make an order on a Friday because it won't get there until Monday," said Sucharita Mulpuru, a Forrester Research analyst.

But Ms. Mulpuru said Amazon would likely incur relatively higher costs on Sunday because of lower volumes. "This has to be much more expensive than other days," she said.

Amazon and the Postal Service declined to discuss the costs, volume projections or the length of the contract.

Amazon said Sunday delivery will begin on Nov. 17 in Los Angeles and New York and expand next year to Dallas, New Orleans, Houston and Phoenix, among others. Amazon will bring packages from its warehouses to Postal Service locations on Saturday evening or Sunday morning. The agency will then deliver them to doorsteps.

Sunday delivery will be available for all Amazon customers in markets where the program is available at no additional cost. Customers won't specify Sunday delivery; eligible items will show up on Sunday if that is when they are ready.

Representatives of Amazon and the Postal Service said the Seattle-based company was taking advantage of a little-known offering available to any shipper. The Postal Service makes limited Sunday package deliveries for its own needs around the holidays, but the arrangement with Amazon represents its first large foray into Sunday delivery.

The Amazon contract will be a much-needed financial boost to the Postal Service, which continues to bleed red ink as more Americans eschew "snail mail" in favor of email, instant messaging and social networks. The agency, which said it expects to lose around $6 billion this year, has been closing locations and has proposed ceasing Saturday delivery of many items to cut costs.

A Postal Service spokeswoman said the agency wouldn't need to hire additional workers. She said officials have been working for more than a year on a "flexible" workforce that could be asked to clock in on Sundays. "We're ready for Sunday in the current markets," the spokeswoman said. "If this were to expand, we would look at staffing levels and adjust accordingly."

Amazon selected the Postal Service over United Parcel Service Inc., FedEx Corp. and others because its technology pairs well with the government agency's, said a spokeswoman, who declined to discuss specifics. The Postal Service delivers some Amazon packages on other days.

Sunday delivery is Amazon's latest initiative to expand the speed and breadth of its offerings. The company has been building a network of warehouses close to urban centers, from which it has begun offering same-day grocery delivery in Los Angeles and Seattle using its own trucks. Amazon has offered Sunday delivery through the grocery service, where consumers can select from more than 100,000 nongrocery items to be delivered along with their frozen waffles and tomatoes—an offering that will continue after Sunday parcel delivery begins.

In addition, Amazon has created mini-distribution centers in Procter & Gamble Co. plants from which it ships items directly to customers, rather than relaying them through larger warehouses. To reduce failed deliveries, it also is installing lockers in grocery, convenience and drugstore outlets where customers can later pick up their packages.

Dave Clark, Amazon's vice president of world-wide operations, said that later this month Amazon would also begin Sunday delivery in London, using its own trucks.

Adding an additional delivery day could help drive more users to Amazon's $79-a-year Prime unlimited two-day shipping program, said Mr. Clark. Amazon doesn't disclose its Prime membership rolls, though it said this month that those customers buy twice as many goods as customers opting for free shipping. Analysts estimate the company has more than 10 million Prime users.

Greg Bensinger    www.online.wsj.com